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The emperor Gaius Caesar Augustus "Germanicus" aka Caligula ("Little Boots") lived 12–41 C.E. He reigned over the Roman world after Tiberius and before Claudius, that is, from the 16th of March in 37 C.E. until he was assasinated on the 22nd or 24th of January, 41 C.E.

Philo ?'s so-called Legatio Ad Gaium, esp. sections 8–73, chronicles the gradual unravelling of Caligula's reign, how he began with prosperity and advantage but ruined it with his murderous and extravagant behavior. After Gaius had consolidated his power, he may have decided that he was to be regarded as a god among men. He began dressing in the costume of the gods (on this see Legat 75–80 and 93–113), and compelled the residents of the empire to worship the living emperor; this caused special problems for Jews (see Legat 114–119).

Bibliography

John Percy, Vyvian D. Balsdon, Barbara M. Levick, and Tessa Rajak, "Gaius," The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization (ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998). In other words, see Hornblower OCCC 1998, s.v. "Gaius".

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